INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO

      

         Arduino is an open-source electronic platform based on easy-to-used hardware and software. It's intented for any one making interactive projects.Arduino senses the environment by receiving inputs from many sensor and affects its sorroundings by controlling lights,motors,and other actuators.

FOUNDERS:

MASSIMO/ ITALY

Massimo is an Interaction Designer, Educator and Open Source Hardware advocate. He currently teaches Interaction Design at SUPSI Lugano in the south of Switzerland, and is a visiting professor at CIID in Copenhagen. 

DAVID/USA

David is a PhD student in Mitchel Resnick's Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab.His research seeks to engage new audiences in using electronics in creative and do-it-yourself practices. 

                                                                                                             

DAVID/SPAIN

David is Assistant Professor in Interaction Design and head of the IOIO laboratory at Malmo University.David is head researcher for EU projects and designs new types of large scale educational experiences. 

TOM/USA

Tom is Associate Arts Professor at ITP/NYU, where he heads physical computing courses.At Arduino Tom advises on issues of user experience in software and hardware, API and documentation, and overall company strategy.




                                       PARTS OF ARDUINO (UNO)

1 USB PORT - Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can be powered from a USB cable coming from your computer.

2. POWER JACK - Act as a power input for arduino through which you can connect by means of DC voltage supply.

3.GROUND - There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit.

4-5. 5V & 3.3V - The 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.

6. ANALOG PINS - The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like a temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.

7. DIGITAL PINS - Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the UNO). These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital output (like powering an LED).

8. PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION - You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM).These pins being able to simulate analog output (like fading an LED in and out).

9. ANALOG REFERENCE (AREF) - Most of the time you can leave this pin alone. It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

10. RESET BUTTON - Pushing it will temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino.

11.Power LED Indicator - Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED next to the word ‘ON’. This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a power source. If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something is wrong.

12.TX AND RX LEDs - TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive.These LEDs will give us some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like when we’re loading a new program onto the board).

13. MICROCONTROLLER - This acts as the brain of Arduino. It is usually from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL company.

14. VOLTAGE REGULATOR - The voltage regulator controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino board. It will turn away an extra voltage that might harm the circuit. It has its limits, so don’t hook up your Arduino to anything greater than 12 volts.



                           
                                     .. SOME ARDUINO BOARDS..            

ARDUINO UNO (R3)

The Uno is a great choice for your first Arduino. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, a reset button and more. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller.

LILYPAD ARDUINO

LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology developed. It was creatively designed with large connecting pads and a flat back to allow them to be sewn into clothing with conductive thread.

REDBOARD

The RedBoard can be programmed over a USB Mini-B cable using the Arduino IDE. It’ll work on Windows 8 without having to change your security settings (we used signed drivers, unlike the UNO). It’s more stable due to the USB/FTDI chip.

ARDUINO MEGA (R3)

The Arduino Mega is like the UNO’s big brother. It has lots (54!) of digital input/output pins (14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller.

ARDUINO LEONARDO

This is the first development board to use one microcontroller with built-in USB. This means that it can be cheaper and simpler. The board is handling USB directly, code libraries are available which allow the board to emulate a computer keyboard,      mouse, and more!








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